The
panpipes or flutes of Pan are
a greater variety of instruments in the Andean musical universe. Siku
calls or phukuna in indigenous languages, are played in
troops including various sizes (and tuning) of the same instrument, creating harmonies of each community special and each type of bagpipe
. In addition, each instrument, consisting of two rows of tubes from highest to lowest, is separated into two halves (
arka and anger
), each of which is blown by an interpreter or
sikuri . Thus, the construction of a complete tune depends on the joint work of the two halves and the two musicians, who interspersed his notes for the construction of everything.
Andean Community spirit is reflected, therefore, unique in this flute, and the duality that characterizes his conception of the world. As the
pinkillos and vertical flutes related ceremonies are usually associated with with the masculine (phallic) and the joyful celebrations, the panpipes are related to the ritual deep in the earth and the feminine. In traditional settings are never mixed pinkillos
,
flutes and panpipes
, although in the field mestizo that happens frequently. Originally performed with the sole accompaniment of percussion, pan pipes
, at present, have given rise to a tremendous diversity of compositions. Zampoñas
The single-row, common in ancient times, still survive: the
antara Bolivian suri-sikus the
(outlining melodies are repeated like an echo of a second instrument of the same pitch), the Ecuadorian
payas and Lurkers
castrator and northern Andean area (Ecuador and Colombia) that have alternating long and short tubes, which must be blown in twos or threes to create harmonies characteristics of the rhythms of those countries, as sanjuanitos
.
most common sizes zampoña
within a standard troops are chuli
(the smallest), the Malta
(medium), the
sanka (large) and toyo
(exceeding the subway and a half high). The four are tuned in parallel octaves. In those groups where special harmonies are generated (fourth or fifth) incorporates three intermediate sizes, generally known as anti-toyo
, anti-sanka
and anti-malta
. The troops
of zampoña best known are the
k'antus , the
Italaque the gang
, the
pusamorenos the Lakita
, the
ayarachi , those already named suri-sikus
, the
jula julas , the table-sikus
, the
chiriwanos and huge Jach'a
sikus . Each traditional troop usually performed, among others, some rhythms, similar name to the group (
K'antu , suri
sikuri , etc.), Which also accompany dances of the same name.
In this work we have performed a number of
zampoñas , both in style as in the traditional mestizo. Have included:
-
Antaras . Zampoñas
single row, with tubes from highest to lowest. They are the oldest forms of the instrument, copies have been found in graves of Nazca Peruvian cultures, Mochica and Chimu. Ancestrally, made of ceramic, wood or bone, made of cane today. These days have been deeply influenced by European panpipes.
-
Lurkers. Zampoñas
single row, with very thin tubes made of bamboo, the main ones are sorted from highest to lowest according to a pentatonic scale, and accessories are interspersed among them, playing at specified intervals (usually third) in relation to the tubes main. Implementation of crawlers
involves simultaneous blowing of two or more tubes, including a primary and (at least) an accessory. Thus chords are generated while melodies. Sharp hardening of particular sound native of Ecuador, and its name comes from the people doing the rounds at night, who made use of this type of instrument to make their ads. In Colombia, a very similar instrument called
castrator was used for castrating pigs to announce his arrival.
-
Suri-siku. This is zampoñas
single row, which is interpreted as an instrument runs a similar melody and repeats the same melody as an echo, a moment later. Traditional troop-suri siku
have three sizes, creating the fifth and octave intervals. The dancers, performers are often decorated with feathers or ostrich
suri, hence the name of the instrument.
Likewise, troops have used the following:
-
Gang. The gang sikus
are the best known
troops within the traditional area-urban and Andean mestizo. Is the standard
troops, which has four sizes, from smallest to largest,
chuli , malta
, sanka
and toyo
. These
zampoñas tubes have no accessories, and the intervals between each size are octaves. Each troop
can include up to fifty performers.
-
Lakita . The
sikus Laquita (the Aymara "snacks") have different forms in northern Chile and Bolivia. The troops performed in this work comes from that country. The set includes four sizes (from largest to smallest,
tayka ,
bad ,
Likus and
ch'ilis ) tuned pipes parallel octaves without accessories. Is the troop
of zampoñas sounds more acute.
-
Italaque . The
sikus of Italaque have three sizes (from largest to smallest, sankar
,
malts and Chulis ) tuned in parallel octaves. They also have accessories tubes, which sound an octave higher than the instrument itself, giving a special resonance. His temper is usually severe and profound, and their sound is full of rich overtones.
-
Pusamorenos . Troop similar to
sikus gang (although generally more severe hardening and deep) used in morenadas
rhythms,
foremen and tundiquis .
-
K'antus . The sikus
k'antus Charazani
or have four traditional sizes (
toyo , sanka
, malta
and
chuli ) and three intermediate sizes (
sobrechuli ,
sobremalta and
sobresanka ) pitched a fifth above the instrument. This particular composition of the army provides a unique harmonic sound to your sound.
-
Jach'a sikus . This is a small sets of players who carry enormous
zampoñas (hence the name Aymara of "siku great") to own size. Their sounds are serious and deep.
