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Introduction Types of Instruments Renaissance

In this picture you can see the bottom to be built by simulating straight slat design whim. The lines are Ebony strips of wood imbedded in the hull. The lid can be turned here and appreciate the bars of the same. The typical curved bar of lutes and small bars of treble. The other, reinforcement, were made following the criteria of construction of the Arab and Renaissance lutes.
The drawing of the rosette glued on the back serves as a guide for the timing and carving. The draft, to correspond to an instrument before the invention of the jigsaw was done with cutting tools.
finish with varnish was made based on shellac, as used at the time and is still used today in high-quality instruments .

polyphony: Music which combines different voices simultaneously, in which each retains its independence, while harmony is subject to the other.

Since the time of early Christianity based in Europe, the main role of music was used solely to support the words in both the religious and remember the crystallization of Gregorian chant, as in the profane, which works as The Song of Mio Cid, the songs of love or of friendship, songs of troubadours, minstrels and Segrel, reflecting a literature to be heard. The early development of polyphony was keeping the undisputed primacy of the text.

Chapel: The chapel word derives from medieval Latin "cappa", and he called the space of the temple where the musicians rehearsing and, by extension, to all managers musicians sing or play with all accompanying choral books, tools, clothing, badges, serving a church or court.

The cathedral chapels were governed by a master of the chapel, the main responsible for it, among whose duties was to care for and educate children singing, composing the music necessary for divine worship, directing the choir or preside over the objections of other touring musicians. To help the teacher had other places like the "boys choir master, who instructed the children in the Gregorian chant, and the" master of polyphony, which taught polyphonic music. The chapel also had a group of adult voices, called "veinteneros", given its clustering, which were mostly clerics. For the singing of Gregorian music was the "choristers."

Alongside the cathedral chapels, there are the royal chapels, which were fighting the teachers and most renowned singers, but had to look for foreign lands and bring them or send them there to prepare. Highlighted by the Catholic Monarchs, Charles I and Philip II.

other hand, emulating the royal chapels, some nobles were allowed the luxury of owning their own musical chapel, much like the cathedral but also had minstrels of stringed instruments, like harp, fiddles (primitive guitar), viola, harpsichord or lute

sackbut : Similar in appearance to the modern trombone, the sackbut was the only brass instrument that was available to composers of the Renaissance. In Italy it is called trombone, saqueboute in France, sackbut in England. No one knows for sure when it was created, but around 1500 is mentioned regularly and even artwork. Praetorius provides detailed information about the instrument, indicating that was built in four sizes: alto, tenor, bass and contrabass. The tenor sackbut was the one used most frequently and has evolved to the current tenor trombone virtually unchanged. For the interpretation of music in the street, sackbuts sets were accompanied by oboes, while in the churches the most acute were performed by horns.

The sackbut is the current difference in the shortest trombone size of the mouth, the hood, which is less extensive, in the absence of a faucet, a tuning rod and the bell curve. He had pieces of skin to absorb the rods when they were brought to the first position, in sackbuts low, because the human arm could not reach more remote positions, had a hinged handle on the rod to extend the range. These features allow the sackbut get a much more sweet and velvety modern trombone, and makes it essential for the interpretation Renaissance sacred music. As its name, is curious given origin Covarrubias in his "Treasure of the English Language" (1611):

"is a musical instrument to be long, collected in himself he Tanese with other types of oboes, horns and flutes. was said because, anyone who was not warned, it would seem when it continues get the crop. "

Horn: The horn Renaissance, best known as a cornet to , is a wooden instrument that emerged and developed during the Renaissance, with its peak in Italy in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century, applied to all types of music: low (inside), high ( outside), dance music, church music and chamber municipal bands and courtesans. Bach used the horn in eleven of his sacred cantatas, usually to support a choir voices.

Its appearance has nothing to do with the current horn (for military use and brotherhood processions), is closer to flute but curved rather than straight, just like its name comes from the horn of the bull, although they are straight (and in the X century English writings mention the horn trumpet for short). Were often made of wood or ivory, leather covered to protect it from inclement weather and additional mouth. Michael Praetorius in Syntagma Musicum important work , II, (from Organographia, Wolfenbüttel, 1619), which was a reference manual as it contains precise data and reproductions of antique and contemporary instruments, talks three sizes: tenor cornetto, trumpet and cornet.

Their sound is similar to the trumpet, but softened, which can be adapted to the instruments of metal or wood. It is an instrument that has an excellent voice quality, making it ideal for doubling the human voice, especially in the soprano register. At the time it was used so dazzling, and was perhaps one of the most difficult to ring in the history of wind instruments. Mersenne in Harmonnie published Universelle in Paris in 1636, writes that the sound of the horns is similar to the brightness of a ray of sunlight appear through the shadows, when mixed with the voices heard in cathedral churches or chapels.

Chirimía : The hornpipes are for double reed instruments ancestors of the oboe and English horn. Wooden instruments are operated double reed to produce sound. The reed vibrates and the sound propagates through the instrument. Themselves are fairly simple tools and only have a key to the last hole of the hand instruments left in the altos, tenors and basses. However, this simplicity makes the form of tañerlos and his intonation is extremely difficult, and these difficulties are relatively little used, especially mixed with vocals. Anthem

: polyphonic vocal composition of a religious character. Magnificat

: vocal composition dedicated to the Virgin Mary